Ammonia in Aquatic Systems

Ammonia excretion in aquatic and terrestrial crabs.

The excretory transport of toxic ammonia across epithelia is not fully understood. This review presents data combined with models of ammonia excretion derived from studies on decapod crabs, with a view to providing new impetus to investigation of this essential issue. The majority of crabs preserve ammonotely regardless of their habitat, which varies from extreme hypersaline to freshwater aquat...

Herbicides in Aquatic Systems

Tritium Modelling in Aquatic Systems

Models commonly used in tritium dose assessment are steady state specificactivity models based on the assumption of complete isotopic mixing with the stable element, and isotopic equilibrium between all environmental compartments (IAEA, 2010). These models may not be adapted to situations with fluctuating tritium levels in rivers, resulting from discontinuous radioactive discharges or accidenta...

Inositol phosphates in aquatic systems

While there is a considerable body of research on the abundance and behavior of inositol hexakisphosphate in soils, much less is known regarding its behaviour in aquatic systems. The observed physico-chemical behaviour of this organic P species suggests that in marine and freshwaters, it should be complexed and precipitated by major ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron or aluminium, and thus i...

Ammonia Low-Pressure Receiver Systems

Ammonia can be applied to any type and size of refrigeration system from domestic refrigeration to commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning to industrial refrigeration. However, it is desirable to minimize the charge to prevent toxic effects and, sometimes to use secondary refrigerants, such as volatile carbon dioxide, to keep ammonia away from the general public. This article describes a ...